Which statement best describes the secondary musculoskeletal effects that can follow CNS lesions?

Which statement best describes the secondary musculoskeletal effects that can follow CNS lesions?

• A. Musculoskeletal changes such as muscle contractures and joint deformities
• B. Decreased tendon elasticity
• C. Increased reflexes
• D. Normal muscle function

Answer: (D)

Secondary musculoskeletal effects after CNS lesions arise from altered neural control, spasticity, and reduced movement, which over time lead to structural changes in muscles and joints. The most typical description is the development of muscle contractures and joint deformities: muscles shorten and tighten, joints become fixed in abnormal positions, and range of motion diminishes. Tendons can also become less elastic as tissues stiffen with disuse, but the key point is the pattern of contractures and deformities that reflect long-standing neuromuscular imbalance. Increased reflexes describe a neurophysiological sign of the CNS injury rather than the resulting structural changes, and normal muscle function is not seen after CNS damage.

Secondary musculoskeletal effects after CNS lesions arise from altered neural control, spasticity, and reduced movement, which over time lead to structural changes in muscles and joints. The most typical description is the development of muscle contractures and joint deformities: muscles shorten and tighten, joints become fixed in abnormal positions, and range of motion diminishes. Tendons can also become less elastic as tissues stiffen with disuse, but the key point is the pattern of contractures and deformities that reflect long-standing neuromuscular imbalance. Increased reflexes describe a neurophysiological sign of the CNS injury rather than the resulting structural changes, and normal muscle function is not seen after CNS damage.