When a facet is stuck in flexion, which movements are restricted?

When a facet is stuck in flexion, which movements are restricted?

• A. Flexion, contralateral rotation, and side flexion are restricted.
• B. Extension, ipsilateral rotation, and ipsilateral side flexion are restricted.
• C. Flexion, ipsilateral rotation, and ipsilateral side flexion are restricted.
• D. Extension, contralateral rotation, and side flexion are restricted.

Answer: (B)

When a facet joint is stuck in flexion, movements that would move the segment away from that flexed position are limited. Extending the spine would push the joint toward a less flexed alignment, which tightens the posterior capsule and compresses the already flexed facet surfaces, so extension is restricted. Rotating toward the same side and bending toward the same side also become restricted because those motions rely on glides and contacts of the ipsilateral facet that are already locked in the flexed position. In contrast, movements that go toward flexion or rotate/bend to the opposite side are less impeded.

When a facet joint is stuck in flexion, movements that would move the segment away from that flexed position are limited. Extending the spine would push the joint toward a less flexed alignment, which tightens the posterior capsule and compresses the already flexed facet surfaces, so extension is restricted. Rotating toward the same side and bending toward the same side also become restricted because those motions rely on glides and contacts of the ipsilateral facet that are already locked in the flexed position. In contrast, movements that go toward flexion or rotate/bend to the opposite side are less impeded.