The pathophysiology of Type 1 diabetes is?

The pathophysiology of Type 1 diabetes is?

• A. Insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency causing chronic hyperglycaemia.
• B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells resulting in absolute insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemia.
• C. A deficiency of glucagon causing low blood sugar.
• D. A hormonal disorder unrelated to insulin.

Answer: (B)

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, which produce insulin. As these cells are destroyed, the body loses the ability to make insulin, resulting in absolute insulin deficiency. Without insulin, glucose cannot enter most cells effectively, so blood glucose rises (hyperglycemia) and the liver continues producing glucose, worsening the high sugar levels. This is why people with type 1 diabetes require lifelong insulin therapy. It’s different from type 2 diabetes, where the main issue is insulin resistance with only a relative deficiency. It’s not due to a glucagon deficiency or a hormone disorder unrelated to insulin.

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, which produce insulin. As these cells are destroyed, the body loses the ability to make insulin, resulting in absolute insulin deficiency. Without insulin, glucose cannot enter most cells effectively, so blood glucose rises (hyperglycemia) and the liver continues producing glucose, worsening the high sugar levels. This is why people with type 1 diabetes require lifelong insulin therapy. It’s different from type 2 diabetes, where the main issue is insulin resistance with only a relative deficiency. It’s not due to a glucagon deficiency or a hormone disorder unrelated to insulin.