Endocrine and metabolic changes in cancer may include which combination?

Endocrine and metabolic changes in cancer may include which combination?

• A. Altered glucose regulation, thyroid dysfunction, or adrenal imbalance due to tumor hormone secretion.
• B. Increased bone density with no other endocrine effects.
• C. No metabolic changes occur in cancer.
• D. Only thyroid function is affected.

Answer: (A)

Endocrine and metabolic changes in cancer often come from tumors secreting hormones or signaling molecules that disrupt normal endocrine function. This can alter glucose metabolism, since some tumors or tumor-associated factors cause insulin resistance or inappropriate insulin-like activity, leading to altered glucose regulation. They can also affect the thyroid axis, either through ectopic hormone production or interference with pituitary control, causing thyroid dysfunction. Adrenal balance can be disturbed as well, with conditions like ectopic ACTH production driving adrenal imbalance. So a combination that includes altered glucose regulation, thyroid dysfunction, or adrenal imbalance reflects the range of endocrine effects cancer can produce. Other options don’t fit because cancer-related endocrine changes are not limited to a single system or to increased bone density with no other effects, and metabolic changes are indeed common rather than non-existent.

Endocrine and metabolic changes in cancer often come from tumors secreting hormones or signaling molecules that disrupt normal endocrine function. This can alter glucose metabolism, since some tumors or tumor-associated factors cause insulin resistance or inappropriate insulin-like activity, leading to altered glucose regulation. They can also affect the thyroid axis, either through ectopic hormone production or interference with pituitary control, causing thyroid dysfunction. Adrenal balance can be disturbed as well, with conditions like ectopic ACTH production driving adrenal imbalance. So a combination that includes altered glucose regulation, thyroid dysfunction, or adrenal imbalance reflects the range of endocrine effects cancer can produce. Other options don’t fit because cancer-related endocrine changes are not limited to a single system or to increased bone density with no other effects, and metabolic changes are indeed common rather than non-existent.